Life exists above the limit of our observation. The invisible activity of life evolved to the macro-organisms that functions mysteriously.   When I say mysteriously, this might be a very layman word with present technology, I can correct myself with changing mystery to “still not fully understood”.   Since the existence of mankind, man always strives for better and prolonged and healthier lives. They always have been working to discover, understand, cure and eliminate the unexpected disease or its culprit.  

Life itself has always been a mystery, and mankind has always tried to find ways to suggest how we came to existence. Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus proposed that matter was made of tiny indivisible particles called Atoms. 19 th   century scientist John Dolton and Amedeo Avogadro suggested processes that force those tiny parts (Atom) to interact with each other and proposed the existence of positive and negative charges within atom. Atoms are farther divided the so-to-speak “indivisible” particles to much smaller units. The discovery of small “particles” is not inherently restricted to physics. The scale of “smallness” may be different, however.

As the beginning of 19 th   century and the discovery of microscope we now know that there is life for sure which is invisible to unassisted eye but are the base for farther advancement. Microscope was a gift of 19 th   century to the 20 th . Then the people of 20 th   century have strived to leave their legacy to their children coming behind them, and to assist in the answer of how we exist or how things working which led to discovery of many other things as side result of those discoveries. As the gift of 20 th   century to the 21 st , the computer has brought the revolution of farther advancement in science and technology to its new era of revolution.

By measuring the “tiny particles” now we are able to divide the visible unit of measurement to the invisible units (Nanometer) and use those “tiny particles” to improve our health and prolong our lives. Any advancement at this level will be named after this unit and the invisible technology has been called Nanotechnology.

Let me put this in a layman term of measurement, a nanometer is one billionth of millimeter, or if you divide a hair diameter to eighty thousand, one unit out of this eighty thousand will be a nanometer. It's cool to be able to divide the hair to those many particles, wouldn't be cooler if we could design “things” at that scale?

Nanotechnology has been gaining popularity in every aspect of our life, from household washing machines that will not just clean stains without using energy to boil water but to sterilize it with killing most of bacteria attached to the clothes, and air conditioning system that will kill air born microorganism; to its use in the medicine with delivery of medicine to the target organ without going through its systemic side effect to unaffected organs of our body.

Nanotechnology affords us to fight a battle with nono-sized enemies i.e. diseases.  We are developing the technology that would enable us to fight diseases at their molecular and cellular levels without stressing the whole body with the systemic medication or unnecessary operations.

The target organ treatment will rise the interest of all specialties in medicine, and one of the interest will be in the area of psychiatry and neurology. This technology can be used to treat and diagnose disorders such as addiction, anxiety psychosis , depression, schizophrenia, and many more; target the areas, for instance, that is involve in impulsivity directly without causing disturbances in other behaviors. One of such nanoparticles is   Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA).

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successfully developed biodegradable polymers. Among the different polymers developed to formulate polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA has attracted considerable attention due to its attractive properties:

(i)                    biodegradability and biocompatibility,

(ii)                   FDA and European Medicine Agency approval in drug delivery systems for parenteral administration,

(iii)                 well described formulations and methods of production adapted to various types of drugs e.g. hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecules or macromolecules,

(iv)                protection of drug from degradation,

(v)                  possibility of sustained release,

(vi)                possibility to modify surface properties to provide stealthness and/or better interaction with biological materials and

(vii)              possibility to target nanoparticles to specific organs or cells.

The PLGA has been used to design nanoparticles as drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications such as vaccination, cancer, inflammation an